DOCUMENTED BY BATCHIdentity (HPLC)
High-performance liquid chromatography records the compound’s retention profile against a reference.
Research peptide
SLU-PP-332
Lyophilized powder, catalogued by compound identity and backed by a certificate of analysis for its production batch.
For laboratory research only. Not for human or veterinary use.
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View specifications Batch documentation Certificate of analysis
- Third-party tested
- Secure packaging
- Supplied for laboratory research
- Identity by HPLC & LC-MS Compound identity documented per batch.
- Batch-specific COA A certificate of analysis per batch.
- Secure packaging Sealed, labelled research vials.
- Third-party tested Independent testing per batch.
Documented by batch
Every batch is catalogued, tested and recorded.
Overview
SLU-PP-332: Synthetic Pan-ERR Agonist Research Compound
Synthetic pan-ERR agonist for scientific and laboratory research. SLU-PP-332 is a synthetic small-molecule research compound developed as an agonist of the ERR family of nuclear receptors. It is not a peptide. The compound has been characterised as a pan-agonist of ERR subtypes alpha, beta and gamma (ERRalpha, ERRbeta and ERRgamma), with the highest reported potency toward ERRalpha.
Since its initial publication, SLU-PP-332 has become an important preclinical research tool for investigating mitochondrial metabolism, oxidative skeletal-tissue biology, exercise-responsive gene programmes, fatty-acid oxidation and metabolic adaptation.
Understanding the ERR nuclear-receptor family
The ERR receptors are orphan nuclear receptors. Despite the naming of this receptor family, they are functionally distinct from the classical receptor family they are named after and do not share its physiological ligand. ERRalpha, ERRbeta and ERRgamma regulate transcriptional networks involved in mitochondrial biogenesis, oxidative phosphorylation, tricarboxylic-acid metabolism, fatty-acid metabolism and cellular energy demand. Their activity is closely linked to transcriptional coactivators such as PGC-1alpha, which coordinates many of the metabolic adaptations associated with aerobic exercise.
Why SLU-PP-332 is a focus of research
SLU-PP-332 was developed to address the limited availability of synthetic compounds capable of activating ERRalpha in vivo. Earlier pharmacological tools often displayed greater activity at ERRbeta or ERRgamma, or acted as inverse agonists rather than agonists. In the original characterisation, SLU-PP-332 activated all three ERR subtypes and demonstrated sufficient pharmacokinetic properties for use as an in-vivo chemical probe in mice.
The compound is frequently described in popular media as an exercise mimetic. This term requires careful qualification. In published mouse studies, SLU-PP-332 activated portions of an ERRalpha-dependent transcriptional programme associated with acute aerobic exercise, increased oxidative type IIa skeletal fibres and improved aerobic capacity. It did not reproduce every physiological, cardiovascular, neurological, musculoskeletal or behavioural effect of physical exercise, and the findings do not establish that the compound can replace exercise in humans.
Mitochondrial and skeletal-tissue research
Preclinical research has examined the influence of SLU-PP-332 on mitochondrial respiration and cellular energy metabolism. In cultured skeletal myocytes, exposure to the compound increased mitochondrial function and cellular respiration. In mice, the compound increased expression of genes involved in oxidative metabolism and produced changes consistent with a more oxidative skeletal-tissue phenotype. These findings support its use as a research tool for studying nuclear-receptor regulation of mitochondrial and skeletal-tissue biology.
Metabolic-syndrome research
A subsequent study evaluated SLU-PP-332 in mouse models of obesity and metabolic syndrome. In diet-induced obese and genetically obese mice, investigators reported changes in body-composition measures, increased energy expenditure and changes in selected energy-metabolism measures. The reported changes occurred in preclinical models and must not be described as established outcomes in humans.
The metabolic-syndrome research also reported that the compound did not produce its effects by increasing voluntary physical activity or reducing food intake under the tested conditions. Instead, the findings were associated with enhanced oxidative metabolism and energy expenditure. This distinction is scientifically relevant because it suggests that the observed mouse findings were linked to altered metabolic programming rather than behavioural changes.
Cardiac and age-related research
SLU-PP-332 has also been investigated in preclinical cardiovascular research. Studies in pressure-overload mouse models reported improvements in cardiac function, fibrosis and survival following exposure to SLU-PP-332 or related ERR agonists. These investigations examined transcriptional activation of mitochondrial and fatty-acid-metabolism pathways in cardiac tissue. They do not establish an approved cardiovascular indication or an established effect in humans.
Additional research has explored ERR agonism in age-associated skeletal-tissue and kidney models. Published experimental studies have investigated mitochondrial dysfunction, cellular signalling and metabolic gene expression in ageing-related systems. These findings remain preclinical and require independent replication and human translational research before conclusions about human use can be made.
Current evidence and development limitations
The current evidence base for SLU-PP-332 is overwhelmingly preclinical. Published studies primarily involve biochemical assays, cultured cells and rodent models. As of the date of this document, no completed peer-reviewed human studies have established the pharmacokinetics, safety, tolerability or activity of SLU-PP-332 in people.
Recent compound-optimisation research has highlighted important development limitations. SLU-PP-332 has very low aqueous kinetic solubility, moderate microsomal stability and poor oral bioavailability. These properties restrict its suitability as a directly translatable drug and have prompted development of newer ERR agonists with improved oral exposure and physicochemical characteristics. A 2026 study described an orally active successor compound, SLU-PP-915, and identified SLU-PP-332 as the earlier reference agonist that improves aerobic capacity in mice but lacks oral bioavailability. This reinforces the description of SLU-PP-332 as a preclinical research tool rather than a developed oral drug.
Classification and analytical notes
SLU-PP-332 is presented as a small-molecule ERR-agonist research compound, not a peptide. No human outcome claims are made for it. The ERR family should not be confused with the classical receptor family it is named after; the two have distinct ligand-binding and transcriptional biology.
Analytical quality is especially important for a small-molecule research compound. Product documentation should identify the exact chemical name, molecular formula, molecular mass, CAS number, chromatographic purity, identity-confirmation method and batch number. The Certificate of Analysis should correspond to the material supplied and should not rely solely on a generic supplier specification.
At livvmore, SLU-PP-332 is supplied exclusively for scientific, analytical and laboratory research. Findings from cellular and animal studies should be presented as preclinical observations and should not be extrapolated to human outcomes.
For laboratory research use only. Not for human or veterinary use.
Documented by batchCatalogued by compound identity
Compound identityCAS · Molecular weight · Sequence
Batch recordsBatch · Lot · Production date
Independent testingHPLC · LC-MS
Specifications
Product specifications
Format
Powder
Appearance
Powder
Molecular weight
290.32 g/mol
CAS number
303760-60-3
Sequence
Small-molecule research compound (not a peptide); molecular formula C18H14N2O2.
Storage
Store refrigerated at 2–8°C, protected from light and moisture. For extended storage, follow your laboratory's standard storage procedures.
Batch documentation
The certificate for the current batch
Every batch is third-party tested. The batch-specific certificate of analysis is available on request; the layout below shows the fields it records.
Certificate of analysis
Specimen layout
- Compound
- product identity
- Batch
- batch number
- Produced
- production date
- Appearance
- recorded appearance
- Identity (HPLC)
- recorded
- Mass (LC-MS)
- recorded
Specimen layout. A batch-specific certificate of analysis is issued for each production run and is available on request.
- Compound and batch identify the exact material supplied.
- Batch and production date tie the certificate to its production run.
- Identity records (HPLC, LC-MS) document what was tested on the batch.
Testing records
What each batch record documents
Every batch is accompanied by laboratory records. The entries below describe what each record documents.
Mass (LC-MS)
Mass spectrometry records the compound’s measured mass to document molecular identity.
Appearance
The physical appearance of the material is recorded, for example a white lyophilized powder.
Batch record
Each batch is logged with a lot number and production date for traceability.
These are records of laboratory testing carried out on the batch. They document compound identity for research use and are not a statement of safety, suitability, or fitness for any use.
Research information
SLU-PP-332 research information
SLU-PP-332 is a synthetic pan-agonist of ERRalpha, ERRbeta and ERRgamma and has been used as a chemical probe to investigate transcriptional control of oxidative metabolism. Its published research programme focuses on mitochondrial function, skeletal-tissue adaptation, metabolic syndrome, cardiac bioenergetics and age-related metabolic dysfunction.
The exact molecular and physiological consequences of ERR activation vary by receptor subtype, tissue, exposure level, exposure duration and experimental model. Because SLU-PP-332 is a pan-agonist rather than a highly selective ERRalpha ligand, observed effects may reflect combined activation of multiple ERR subtypes.
Current areas of scientific investigation
- ERR nuclear-receptor biology. ERRalpha, ERRbeta and ERRgamma are transcription factors that regulate metabolic gene networks. Researchers use SLU-PP-332 to investigate receptor activation, coactivator recruitment, DNA-response elements and tissue-specific gene expression. ERR activity is closely connected with PGC-1alpha-driven programmes involved in mitochondrial biogenesis and oxidative metabolism.
- Mitochondrial function and cellular respiration. Published cell-based studies reported increased mitochondrial function and cellular respiration following SLU-PP-332 exposure in skeletal myocytes. Research examines oxidative phosphorylation, mitochondrial gene expression, respiratory capacity and substrate utilisation. These results are model-specific and do not prove improved mitochondrial function in humans.
- Skeletal fibre biology. In mice, SLU-PP-332 increased the proportion of oxidative type IIa skeletal fibres and altered expression of exercise-responsive genes. Researchers study fibre-type regulation, oxidative enzyme expression and the shift toward oxidative fibre phenotypes.
- Exercise-responsive gene programmes. The original in-vivo research reported induction of an ERRalpha-dependent acute aerobic-exercise gene programme and improved aerobic capacity in mice. This supports the description of SLU-PP-332 as an exercise-mimetic research tool, but not as a complete substitute for physical exercise.
- Fatty-acid oxidation and energy expenditure. Experimental studies investigate transcriptional control of fatty-acid transport, beta-oxidation and mitochondrial energy expenditure. In obese mouse models, SLU-PP-332 increased energy expenditure and produced changes in body-composition measures, with no reported change in food intake under the study conditions.
- Metabolic signalling research. Mouse studies reported changes in selected energy-metabolism measures. These preclinical findings are studied within metabolic-syndrome research but do not establish any validated human use.
- Cardiac metabolism and heart-failure models. SLU-PP-332 and related ERR agonists have been investigated in pressure-overload heart-failure models. Reported findings included changes in mitochondrial and fatty-acid-metabolism genes, reduced fibrosis and improvements in selected cardiac-function outcomes. The evidence remains preclinical.
- Age-related skeletal-tissue research. Research has examined whether ERR activation can counter aspects of age-associated myoblast dysfunction, mitochondrial impairment and reduced oxidative metabolism. These studies remain experimental and should not be represented as evidence of any human outcome.
- Kidney and cellular-signalling research. Preclinical studies have explored ERR agonism in models involving age-related renal mitochondrial dysfunction and cellular signalling. Mechanistic findings require further validation, and no approved renal indication exists.
- Compound optimisation chemistry. Recent work has focused on improving the limitations of SLU-PP-332, including very low aqueous solubility, limited oral exposure and moderate metabolic stability. Newer analogues are being developed to improve potency, physicochemical balance, microsomal stability and oral bioavailability.
Current evidence landscape
SLU-PP-332 has a growing but still limited preclinical evidence base. The key peer-reviewed studies demonstrate receptor agonism, mitochondrial and transcriptional effects in cultured cells, enhanced aerobic capacity and oxidative skeletal-tissue characteristics in mice, and metabolic effects in mouse models of obesity.
Additional animal research has investigated cardiac function, ageing-related skeletal-tissue biology and kidney metabolism. These studies expand the range of experimental applications but do not establish safety or activity in humans.
No peer-reviewed human pharmacokinetic, safety or activity study has established a validated human use for SLU-PP-332. No approved drug is based on SLU-PP-332, and the compound should not be marketed as a drug, supplement or substitute for exercise. The compound’s poor oral bioavailability and low solubility are important translational barriers, and newer ERR agonists are being developed because SLU-PP-332 is best regarded as a reference research tool rather than an optimised drug candidate.
Scientific and regulatory limitations
- The correct compound name is SLU-PP-332, not SLU-PP-322.
- SLU-PP-332 is a small molecule, not a peptide.
- Published evidence is predominantly cellular and animal research.
- No completed peer-reviewed human studies have established safety or activity.
- The compound activates all three ERR subtypes and is not exclusively selective for ERRalpha.
- The term exercise mimetic refers to selected molecular and metabolic effects in preclinical models, not replication of all effects of exercise.
- Positive mouse findings cannot automatically be extrapolated to humans.
- Very low kinetic solubility and poor oral bioavailability limit translational development.
- Long-term toxicology, reproductive safety, carcinogenicity and human exposure-response data are not established.
- No approved human indication exists for SLU-PP-332.
- No human outcome claims are supported by the current evidence.
- Exercise mimetics and metabolic modulators may be relevant to anti-doping regulation, and the product should not be promoted for athletic use.
Recommended product and batch documentation
- Product name: SLU-PP-332
- Product classification: small-molecule research compound / pan-ERR agonist
- CAS number: 303760-60-3
- Molecular formula: C18H14N2O2
- Molecular mass: approximately 290.32 g/mol
- Chemical identity confirmation by mass spectrometry, NMR or another suitable validated method
- Chromatographic purity by HPLC or UHPLC
- Assay or content measurement, where available
- Residual-solvent testing, where relevant
- Water content, where relevant
- Batch or lot number
- Test date and retest or expiry information supported by stability data
- Storage conditions supported by available analytical data
- Batch-specific Certificate of Analysis
Selected scientific references
- Billon C, et al. Synthetic ERRalpha/beta/gamma agonist induces an ERRalpha-dependent acute aerobic exercise response and enhances exercise capacity. ACS Chemical Biology. 2023. PMID: 36988910.
- Billon C, et al. A synthetic ERR agonist alleviates metabolic syndrome. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2024. PMID: 37739806.
- Xu W, et al. Novel pan-ERR agonists ameliorate heart failure through activation of mitochondrial and metabolic gene programmes. 2024. PMID: 37961903.
- Bonanni R, et al. 2025.
- Okda HE, et al. Chemical optimisation of the exercise mimetic SLU-PP-332 identifies improved ERR agonists. 2026.
- Billon C, et al. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2026. PMID: 41421047.
- Avliyakulov NK, et al. Analysis and identification of in-vitro metabolites of SLU-PP-332. 2026. PMID: 41688415.
The information summarised here draws on published scientific research and is provided solely for analytical, scientific and educational purposes. livvmore SLU-PP-332 is supplied exclusively for laboratory research. It is a small-molecule research compound and is not a peptide, drug, dietary supplement or approved consumer product.
For laboratory research use only. Not for human or veterinary use.
Frequently asked questions
Questions and documentation
What is SLU-PP-332?
SLU-PP-332 is catalogued in the Other research compounds collection and supplied as a powder for in-vitro laboratory research. It is listed by CAS number 303760-60-3 and a molecular weight of 290.32 g/mol. It is not for human or veterinary use.
What is the CAS number for SLU-PP-332?
The CAS number recorded for SLU-PP-332 is 303760-60-3.
What is the molecular weight of SLU-PP-332?
The molecular weight recorded for SLU-PP-332 is 290.32 g/mol.
How is SLU-PP-332 supplied and stored?
SLU-PP-332 is supplied as a powder. Store refrigerated at 2–8°C, protected from light and moisture. For extended storage, follow your laboratory's standard storage procedures.
What does research use only mean?
All products are supplied strictly for in-vitro laboratory research and are not for human or veterinary use, diagnosis, treatment, or personal consumption.
How are the products documented?
Every batch is third-party tested and documented. The certificate of analysis is available on request.
Is a certificate of analysis available?
Every batch is third-party tested, and the batch-specific certificate of analysis is available on request.
Who can purchase?
By placing an order, purchasers acknowledge that the product is intended solely for laboratory research use and agree to the Research Use Terms.
Fulfilment
How orders are handled
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Secure packaging
Sealed, labelled research vials, packed to protect integrity in transit.
-
Third-party tested
Every batch is third-party tested; the certificate of analysis is available on request.
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Research customers only
Supplied to qualified researchers for laboratory research use.
Shipping options and timelines are shown at checkout.
- Third-party tested Independent testing per batch
- Documented by batch Batch and lot records
- Certificate of analysis Available on request
- Identity by HPLC & LC-MS Compound identity documented
- Secure packaging Sealed, labelled research vials
- Supplied for laboratory research Research use only
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